Evaluate the Methods Used by the Psychodynamic Approach

Charlotte King Orion 12 Psychology EXAM QUESTIONS Evaluate strategies utilized by the psychodynamic approach. One of the techniques utilized by the psychodynamic approach is contextual analyses. Contextual investigations are utilized to rehearse their treatment on to check whether it really works. The treatment made by Sigmund Freud, is called analysis. A case of one of the contextual analyses would be the contextual investigation of Little Hans. Hans was at the age where he saw he had a penis and along these lines played with it a great deal. His mom saw this and instructed him to stop it else she would call the specialist and get him to cut it off.Hans later on built up a fear of ponies, so his dad connected with Freud and educated him concerning Hans’ weird conduct and he proposed that he was terrified of ponies due to the huge penis. Later on, Freud and Hans’ father found that he had a fear of ponies since he considered his to be as an opponent and he obviously had a huge penis. He considered his to be as an opponent since he obtained the Oedipus complex which implied that he had a sexual want for his mom and along these lines needed to dispose of the father.Freud deciphered that the ponies in the fear were emblematic of the dad, and that Hans expected that the pony (father) would chomp (maim) him as discipline for the depraved wants towards his mom. With Hans feeling undermined by his father, Freud believes that he thinks of a safeguard component known as ‘identification with the assailant'. This is the place Hans would bond with his dad by receiving his peculiarities and activities, along these lines; he won't feel threatening towards him. Weeks after, Hans’ fear improved and toward the finish of the fear he had two dreams. One of them being that his dad was the granddad not the dad.And the other about his base and penis being evacuates then being replaces with bigger ones. In the wake of recuperating from the fear, Hans’ father consoled Hans that he had no goal of cutting his penis off. One shortcoming of the contextual investigation strategy is that it can't set point of reference for all cases with comparable patients. For instance, analysis may take a shot at Hans yet it probably won't take a shot at another person who has a fear of ponies. Be that as it may, contextual investigations over history of brain research have had the option to give clinicians significant data about various mental illnesses.Meaning, a specific report can be utilized as a methods for understanding into existence with the ailment. Another drawback to the contextual analysis strategy is the totally open and uncontrolled condition where it happens. This takes out its handiness as a pointer of circumstances and logical results since the factors in the examination are uncontrolled. This makes it excessively troublesome or pretentious to express that one worth connects in any capacity to another. Rather, a clinician can build up a speculation on this relationship and utilize another exploration technique to decide support for, or nullification for, their hypothesis.This is the reason it was referenced before that contextual investigations can set out the establishments for additional mental examination. Another technique is the utilization dream investigation. This is the place dreams are investigated more profundity to make sense of their actual significance. Freud believed dreams to be the ‘royal street to the oblivious' all things considered in dreams that the sense of self's protections are brought down with the goal that a portion of the curbed material comes through to mindfulness. Freud recognized theâ manifest substance of a dreamâ (what the visionary recalls) and theâ latent content,â the representative importance of the dreamâ (i. e. the basic wish).The show content is frequently founded on the occasions of the day. The procedure the fundamental wish is converted into the show conte nt is called dream-work. The reason for dream work is to change the prohibited wish into a non-compromising structure, lessening uneasiness and permitting us to keeping resting. Dream work includes the procedure of dislodging, buildup and optional elaboration. Displacementâ takes place when we change the individual or item we are truly worried about to another person. Condensationâ takes place when we consolidate various components into one part of the show content.Secondary elaborationâ occurs when the oblivious brain strings together wish-satisfying pictures in a legitimate request of occasions, further clouding the inert substance. As indicated by Freud this is the reason the show substance of dreams can be as trustworthy occasions. On 24 July 1895, Freud had his own fantasy that was to frame the premise of his hypothesis. He had been stressed over a patient, Irma, who was not working out quite as well in treatment as he had trusted. Freud in reprimanded himself for this, and was feeling regretful. Freud envisioned that he met Irma at a gathering and analyzed her.He then observed a concoction recipe for a medication that another specialist had given Irma streak before his eyes and understood that her condition was brought about by a messy syringe utilized by the other specialist. Freud was not, at this point blameworthy. Freud deciphered this fantasy asâ wish-satisfaction. He had wanted that Irma's poor condition was not his deficiency and the fantasy had satisfied this desire by illuminating him that another specialist was to blame. In light of this fantasy, Freud proceeded to suggest that a significant capacity of dreams was the satisfaction of wishes. Another technique utilized in therapy is free association.Free Association or the Talking Cure depends on the psychodynamic model of variation from the norm. Psychotherapy places extraordinary importance on youth encounters, for example, the psychosexual stages, and on curbed driving forces and uncertai n clashes in the oblivious. The point of psychotherapy is to bring stifled material into cognizant mindfulness †‘to make the oblivious, conscious’. During treatment meetings the patient is urged to unwind on a lounge chair and discussion about whatever comes into his psyche. The advisor tunes in and offers no judgment about anything the patient says.It is trusted the patient will loosen up his interior blue pencil and discharged subdued material from the oblivious. The advisor at that point enables the patient to decipher the material and addition understanding into the roots of the contention. During the treatment the patient may likewise move his oblivious sentiments and feelings onto the specialist. Psychotherapists help the patient arrangement with their recouped recollections that originated from the oblivious. Patients experience a purifying encounter called abreaction. Somebody who encounters this will be relieved of the turmoil.

What Is a 401k Everything You Need to Know

What Is a 401k Everything You Need to Know SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you have the alternative of setting up a 401k arrangement? Does your boss offer a 401k coordinating advantage? Is it accurate to say that you are confounded about what these words even mean? Try not to stress! We'll disclose all that you have to think about these records, at the same time, first, what is a 401k, precisely? A 401k is a retirement investment account supported by a business and structured by the legislature to give you tax cuts on your reserve funds. Your cash unobtrusively develops until the time you can pull back it in your late 50s. This guide will clarify precisely what a 401k does, what you should or shouldn't do with it, how to place cash in it, and how it can set you up for a monetarily secure retirement. For anybody new to the universe of 401k plans, let’s start with a fast survey of terms. Putting something aside for Retirement Terms: A Glossary Here are a few terms you’ll see all through the guide and a concise working meaning of each: 401k: a business supported retirement account that permits your cash to develop after some time. Your organization brings to the table it, and it picks the principles. Conventional 401k: this is the most widely recognized 401k record. You contribute cash before it is burdened. At that point, you pay burdens on your cash when you pull back after age 59 1/2 (or 55 on the off chance that you've resigned). Roth 401k: this is a more up to date 401k record where you contribute cash that’s as of now been burdened. You don’t need to pay burdens later when you pull back. IRA: this represents Individual Retirement Account. An IRA doesn’t must be boss supported. You can move your 401k cash into an IRA in the occasion you lose your employment or your organization goes under. Investment fund: another alternative for putting away your cash freely. An investment fund doesn’t offer a similar tax reductions as a 401k or IRA, yet your investment opportunities are boundless. Business coordinating: numerous businesses will coordinate all or a portion of your yearly commitments to your 401k. Free cash! While Roth 401k’s are picking up in ubiquity, the vast majority of us will in any case be offered a customary 401k through our organization. In this manner, we'll start by really expounding on conventional records to respond to our million dollar question: what is a 401k arrangement? Business coordinating is the best. With both you and your organization adding to your retirement fund, it can develop very huge after some time. What Is a 401k? A 401k is a business supported retirement investment account. Not all businesses offer 401ks, however the individuals who do decide how it functions. For example, the business picks the different finances that make up your 401k portfolio. Since your manager brings to the table it, you can't set up an independent 401k all alone. In the event that you choose to open a 401k record, you’ll ordinarily contribute cash to it consequently every month or year. On the off chance that so slanted, your organization may coordinate your commitments somewhere in the range of 25% to 100% (a few organizations even go past 100% for the most generously compensated workers). Some 401k organizations start by coordinating a little level of your commitment and increment this rate the more you work for them. There are loads of ways you can set aside cash for retirement, including building up an IRA or investment fund or gathering bills in an old espresso container. What are the upsides of placing cash into a 401k when contrasted with these different techniques? What Are the Advantages of a 401k? There are a few points of interest to a 401k, just as a couple of constraints. Let’s start with the advantages. #1: Tax Benefits 401k plans permit your cash to become untaxed. Customary 401ks let you contribute pre-burdened cash. At the point when you in the end pull back the cash, that’s when you’ll pay burdens on it. Roth 401k plans have you contribute as of now burdened cash. At the point when you take it out, you don’t need to pay any duties on it. IRA and Roth IRA accounts additionally have charge points of interest, however they regularly set prohibitive cutoff points on how much cash you can contribute every year. Some just permit you to place in $5,500 every year, while 401k plans, as you'll peruse underneath, permit you to put up to $18,000, or significantly more in case you're including a business coordinate. In an investment fund that you can set up autonomously of a business, your cash would be burdened twice. In a 401k (conventional or Roth), your cash is just at any point burdened once. This duty set-up is a major advantage of 401k records. #2: Annual Compound Growth The second bit of leeway of placing your cash into a 401k instead of state, an espresso container, is that it permits your cash to develop after some time. Because of the influence of aggravating premium, you could see your cash develop altogether over decades. In the event that you contribute $5,000 every year when you’re 25 and your cash develops at a 5% yearly rate, for instance, at that point you would have an extra $30,000 more than you would in the event that you began contributing ten years after the fact. You’ll see fundamentally more cash the prior you begin sparing. You could cover your investment funds in your lawn, yet the main thing your cash would develop is shape. #3: Employer Matching A few, however not all, businesses will coordinate a level of your yearly commitments. Business coordinate is basically free cash! Except if you truly can’t bear the cost of it, you ought to endeavor to get the full boss match you can every year to benefit as much as possible from this offer. #4: High Contribution Limits As referenced above, 401k plans additionally have higher commitment limits than some free retirement accounts. A few IRAs just let you put about $5,500 every year, while 401k cutoff points are set at about $18,000, contingent upon the year. That limit doesn’t incorporate any coordinating commitments made by your boss, so you could really put much more every year into your 401k. We’ll get into the specific numbers beneath. With everything taken into account, 401ks are engaging in light of the fact that they offer huge duty favorable circumstances for your retirement reserve funds, permit your cash to develop after some time, and they may include critical commitments from your manager. That being stated, there are some 401k limits that you should think about. The following are the three fundamental confinements. What Are the Limitations of a 401k? Since your organization offers the 401k arrangement, it likewise sets up specific principles and guidelines. For example, your boss picks the investment opportunities that make up the 401k. While you may have boundless alternatives with a money market fund, you may just have a couple with your 401k. This can really be a bit of leeway for certain individuals, who would prefer to adopt an additional hands-off strategy to how their cash gets contributed. Besides, a few businesses set up a â€Å"forfeit law.† If you get laid off and have not exactly a specific measure of cash in your 401k, at that point you don’t recover that cash. Your organization will set this sum and the subtleties of any relinquish law. Make a point to ask whether your organization has one. At last, a few organizations likewise expect you to work with them for a base number of years before you’re completely â€Å"vested† and can hold their coordinating commitments. On the off chance that you leave or lose your employment before that time, you can in any case keep your own investment funds, however any business coordinate commitments will vanish. Since you know the points of interest and constraints of a 401k, what do you need to do to set one up? Do you pick your ventures, or does the organization choose for you? Proceeding with the retirement fund representation, do you need to construct the bushel where your investment funds eggs will develop? What Steps Should You Take to Set Up Your 401k Plan? The initial phase in setting up your 401k arrangement is joining with your boss. Regularly, your manager or a HR expert ought to go over the means with you when you get employed. On the off chance that you decided not to join when you originally began working at the organization, you can at present address your manager about how to join now. As you round out the imperative desk work, you’ll choose how much cash you need to contribute. You can increment or diminishing this sum if your conditions change, however you won’t have the option to pull back cash once you’ve stored it (before retirement age) without a punishment. Once you’ve opened your record, you can adopt a functioning contributing strategy or put the 401k on autopilot. As referenced over, your manager will pick the investment opportunities, and you can pick how your cash gets conveyed among them. Most of individuals, however, essentially go with a â€Å"target-date† subsidize. With a deadline subsidize, you set the date you may resign, say, 2050, and the 401k wraps up. You won’t need to structure your portfolio; rather, the record itself will change how your advantages are designated after some time. On the off chance that you do choose to adopt an increasingly dynamic strategy, a great general guideline to follow is to have a differentiated portfolio that can brave the good and bad times in the market. With an enhanced portfolio, you can help ensure that your reserve funds will develop after some time. While the measure of cash you can stand to add to your 401k changes by individual, there are sure cutoff points set up. Peruse on for the 401k commitment constrains in 2016. The amount Money Can You Contribute to Your 401k? There are 401 k constrains that decide how much cash you can add to your record every year. These 401k commitment limits vary somewhat after some time alongside swelling. Starting at 2016, individuals under 50 could put in up to $18,000 every year. Individuals more than 50 could place in $24,000. The extra $6,000 is viewed as a â€Å"catch up† commitment for the individuals who didn’t maximize their cutoff points in prior years. Any organization coordinating doesn’t tally toward this 401k breaking point. The most extreme joined commitment (yours in addition to your organization coordinate) can go up to $53,000. A decent general guideline is to contribute about 10% of your yearly salary, if conceivable. In the event that you have business coordinating, at that point you ought to likewise endeavor to get the greatest match commitments you can. Other than 401k cutoff points, there are likewise administers about when you can

Early Action

Early Action *Update as of 2015: Early action is available to both domestic and international students. This year, we received 3493 applications for early action, 13% more than last year. We admitted 390 students, or 11% of the applicants. A similar number of students were denied, while those students in the middle, about three quarters of the applicants, were deferred to regular action for further consideration. I am often asked why MITs admit rate for early action is so low in comparison to the admit rate for early programs at other highly selective colleges (where the early admission rate is often much, much higher than the regular action admission rate). The reason is that we are committed to admitting no more than 30% of our class during early action. We feel that the pressures to apply early are too high, and dont want to further contribute to that by leaving only a very small number of spaces for regular action, further pressuring people to apply early. Additionally, we dont want to penalize those students who apply regular action. While this 30% is a much smaller percentage of the class admitted early than many other places (where, often, nearly half of the class is filled from a much smaller early pool), remember that here, being deferred is not a polite rejection. Deferred students are given full consideration again during regular action, where most (~75%) of our admitting is done. Many students were deferred, and I know that those students will be very competitive during the regular action process. For example, last year, we admitted 295 students during regular action who were deferred from early action (and the year before, it was 267). (Look for more entries on deferred applicants soon) I know I speak for all of the admissions officers when I say that this was the most challenging early action admissions weve ever done. There were so many incredible students who applied early this year, more than we can ever remember. We loved reading your applications. Thank you for applying!

Cultural Values - 1321 Words

Each person develops in some type of culture. It is the environment that we live in that determines what we learn, how we learn it, and the rules for living with others. My family and I are Peruvian. That would make me Hispanic in the United States. My origins are straight from Peru. I came to the United States when I was 12 years old, so my beliefs and traditions haven’t changed from when I was still in Peru. There are rules that are transmitted from one generation to the next and are often adapted to the times and locations, and these rules are absorbed by children as we develop and learn about home country traditions, customs and beliefs. These customs will still follow us throughout your life. Although a person can be broken down into†¦show more content†¦I knew everything was going to change. But it was then when I came to know my culture values. It took perhaps the combination of being in another, foreign culture and being away from my own to make clear to me the impact of culture on my life. I began to know the value of Familismo. I started to value more than before the close relationship I had with my relatives. I even realized that being a country that gives many opportunities could allow me and my family to aid my members of the family experiencing financial problems, unemployment, or other issues. When I came to the United States I also came to put in practice the value of Simpatia (â€Å"kindness†) as well as the value of Respeto. I was taught to value respect, and be kind to others. For example when my parents, elders or other relatives need care I am responsible to care for them as just as they took care of me in my earliest stages of life. I was taught to never answer back to not only elders, but to anyone who’s older than I. I had the privilege of having experienced both Hispanic and American cultures; however growing up with mainly Hispanic culture values has shaped me to be the person I am today. Once my family and I were living here, one of the cultural values that we put in practice within my family was the eating habits. While I lived in Peru, it was customary for my dad to come home from work for about two hours to be together for lunch. But once we settled inShow MoreRelatedCultural Value And Cultural Values Essay2952 Words   |  12 Pagesunique and require a lot of understanding and comprehension. To do this, different cultural value dimensions should be studied and applied to a culture. Applying this to the business environment will be more complicated especially in a multinational company. To be a successful leader or manager in a company, one must fully understand each member of his team as well know his team’s cultural background. Cultural value continuums would be helpful in considering which management style might work bestRead MoreCultural Values And Cultural Value Orientations1439 Words   |  6 Pageschallenging to grasp the difference in cult ural pattern taxonomies orientations of other cultures. Cultural pattern taxonomies has been defined in the textbook, Communication between Cultures, â€Å"as the dominant beliefs and values of a culture.† Cultural value orientation varies among cultures and ultimately affects the way we communicate interpersonally. To better understand the differences as well as the similarities in cultural value orientations, Geert Hofstede’s Values Dimensions have broken down theRead MoreCultural Values And The Dominant Culture1883 Words   |  8 Pagesvariety of cultural values. In comparing myself to the dominant culture in the United States I have found both similarities as well as differences between my worldviews and the majority worldview. In order to fully assess how I have come to acquire my worldviews it is important to look into contextual and circumstantial factors that have shaped me as an individual. American culture values individualism where putting yourself first is seen as the norm. In comparison, Hispanic cultures value the familyRead MoreEmotion Related Cultural Value With Regulation Strategies Essay1132 Words   |  5 Pagesof managing emotions, but how these types of regulation strategies differ among individuals, and how cultural values can be related to the preference of use of different strategies? This study will provide a general idea beyond the basic understanding of ER by comparing individual difference on emotion-related cultural value with regulation strategies. This study focuses on emotion related values based on the Hofstede model of six dimensions of national cultures (power distance, uncertainty avoidanceRead MoreFive Cross Cultural Values in Malaysia1017 Words   |  5 Pages1. Describe the five cross cultural values highlighted in the chapter. Using these dimensions of values, describe Malaysia. Values differ across cultures. Therefore, we need to understand these differences in order to explain and predict employees behavior from different countries. Some cultures value group decision, whereas others think that the leader should take charge. For an example, meetings in Germany usually start on time, whereas they might be half an hour late in Brazil or MalaysiaRead MoreHofstede s Dimensions Of Cultural Values1890 Words   |  8 PagesEssay Introduction The concept of cultural intelligence and its applications in management has become a pivotal business issue, especially in the context of cross-cultural management. Therefore, it is imperative for executives to understand the science behind it, which is culture itself. This essay will explore various cultural frameworks with a focus on Hofstede’s Dimensions of Cultural Values, and also conduct a further analysis through a comparison of my cultural scores with that of my own countryRead MoreCultural Diversity : Cultural Values, Globe, Huntington Model And Hall s Cultural Framework2148 Words   |  9 Pagesleaders who can work effectively across organizational, functional and cross cultural boundaries (Evans, Pucik Barsoux, 2011). The need of those global leaders indicates the urgency of understanding cross cultural diversity. However, the complexity in cultural diversity can be overwhelming. Some studies have been conducted in this area including Hofstede’s cultural values, GLOBE, Huntington model and Hall’s cultural framework. This literature review is aimed to compare and contrast the studiesRead MoreItalian American Cultural Values Based Off Hofstede s Value Orientation1856 Words   |  8 Pagesall regions of Italy, but most of them came from the Southern Italy. We have conducted some research and an interview about the history of the Italian immigration; their cultural values based off Hofstede’s value orientation; what shapes the identity of Italian Americans; the verbal and nonverbal communication of this cultural group; as well as what conflict management styles are used in this culture, and how they handle conflict. Why did Italians immigrate to America? According to the informationRead MoreThe Cultural Values Based On A City, National, And National Level Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Every country has norms and values that separate them from other countries. This dimension can exist on several different levels, whether the differences are influenced by cultural or societal values based on a city, and state, national, or international level. This paper will focus on certain aspects of the Chinese culture. It will examine what the norms reveal about the Chinese workforce and will differentiate those finding against the American workforce and culture. IndividualismRead MoreCultural Values1541 Words   |  7 PagesCultural values, personal ethics, and morality are all topics that usually have a different meaning for every individual. My personal ethics, morality, and cultural values have developed throughout the many life lessons that I have learned in my 29 years of life. I can still remember a specific Saturday afternoon at my grandparents house. I was sitting on my grandpas lap watching the Dodger game. In between innings my grandfather asked me the question, Aaron it is time you learn about values

A Brief Note On The Culture Of Terrorism - 1518 Words

Culture of Terrorism The Culture of Terrorism The thesis of this paper is that the attacks of 9/11 were the catalysts of a world culture of terrorism that is used by propaganda and censorship to blur the politics of globalization and technology, and restructure a totalitarian society. This paper will argue that the businesses of â€Å"the U.S. media shill factory† (Borjesson, 2004, p.165), the plottings of the â€Å"brand based† (Klein, 2000, P.421) corporations, and the multi-national oil giants influence sectors of government by using deliberate strategies of censorship and propaganda to discredit government effectiveness, alienate populations, and seize control. What is the correlation between censorship and propaganda? â€Å"Intelligent men must†¦show more content†¦A new social order can only be reconstructed by a flow of chaos that compels a populace to request and even accede to such a change. It is essential to this paper that this began to surface publicly during â€Å"the mass popular movements of the 1960’s and 1970’s† (Chomsky, 1988, p.39-40). It was evident in the social activists who protested against the culture of violence that erupted. It was seen in the youth, in the universities, and in the government that had presided over the baby-boomer, white middle class economic boom between 1945 and 1963. This quiet center of American society floated unaware of the iceberg that lurked below, the â€Å"military-industrial complex† that Eisenhower warned of just before he left office in 1961 (â€Å"The Avalon Project†). Eisenhower also noted that â€Å"until the latest of our world conflicts, the U.S. had no armament industry† (â€Å"The Avalon Project†), but society was about to be torn apart. National leaders were assassinated. Kent State students protested Nixon’s unauthorized invasion of Cambodia, which he concealed from Congress. The Vietnamese War also brought the violence of arms directly to the American people along with â€Å"massive amounts of heroin being smuggled into the States in the bodies and body bags of GI’s killed in Vietnam† (Borjesson, 2004, p.165). Although â€Å"it was clear to us that CIA protection of international narcotics traffickers depended heavily on the

Newspaper Analysis Free Essays

The front page of a newspaper provides a great deal of information on various subjects. Most newspapers include a weather forecast, an index or brief description of articles inside the paper, and a small sports scorecard to accompany the local and national news. Newspapers also concentrate on how to grab the attention of readers. We will write a custom essay sample on Newspaper Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now They most commonly use a larger, darker type of print, mixture of color, and/or pictures on the front page of the paper. A newspaper s job is to update people on the happenings around the world as well as in their own community. Community size often may influence or even dictate the findings on the front page of a newspaper. Normally the front page of a newspaper lets a person in on the findings throughout the remaining sections of the paper. A small index, or article description containing page numbers, usually shows a reader what the rest of paper contains. Accompanying this index, usually a forecast of the weather to come in the next few days manages to make it on the front page also. Some papers actually save the die-hard sports fans some time by having a miniature scoreboard recapping the scores of the day before. Remember that this doesn t apply to all papers only to some. Newspapers constantly look for more readers and to help attract these readers many attempt to dress up their paper. While some papers remain basic and plain, others add color and size to font in a try to appeal to readers. Background color adds a little life to an otherwise regular dull off white that normally associates itself with newspapers. The larger font highlighted in bold to draw the eyes of a reader in that direction gives each article its own personalized title instead of simply a lead in to the article itself. Negative effects, also come from the attempt at adding life to the paper. A few readers become disgusted with the constant multiple page articles. The large font makes articles small space assigned to it that much smaller, so readers frequently find themselves finishing articles on a second page. Pictures commonly graze the front page of newspapers. From local events to national disasters they provide for a break in reading. Even when reading a book, many people skim the pages looking for pictures to give an image to the writings in that book. The pictures do not necessarily link with the articles on the page either; many pictures make the paper without a story behind them. These pictures commonly differ from place to place. If a person were to pick up a small town newspaper they would most likely notice a range of articles from the town wide garage sale to the result of the football game on Friday night. If a person were to pick up a larger based newspaper, they would notice more articles dealing with the community. The difference between newspapers varies ever so slightly. When a person views or observes the pictures from the big city paper they may find some government officials shaking hands or people from another country with distraught looks overcoming their faces. In a local community the newspaper more than likely will not contain pictures pulled off the associated press wire. Pictures on the front page of a small town paper will show children swimming, playing at a local park, or the rodeo queen. A person won t catch these pictures on the cover of a large paper; in fact, articles similar to these most likely would not exist in larger papers. Like pictures, articles also differ from community to community. Not many small papers feature articles about how the President signed another bill or influenced another treaty. The small papers will contain articles about the local chamber of commerce or the recent school board bond issue. The larger newspaper will discuss a variety of national news and possibly work in some details of how the stock market is rising or falling. The larger paper covers so many different communities it is important for them to keep people up to date on the latest news nationally with their sources. With sources obtained by the larger paper their ability to cover national news makes them the money. Different papers cover different topics or issues. Newspapers bring information about various subjects to people. People in return relay this information to other people, in effect notifying others of the happenings in our world. The importance of the newspaper takes us back in history to the time of the Sons of Liberty. They were not far enough advanced to produce a newspaper and disperse it among the colonies. They had to send representatives to meetings to tell of their mistreatment by the British. This only happened through organized meetings at different times. Small newspapers cover local news happening around several communities. Even though it covers several communities, small papers create a feel of a hometown paper. Large papers just don t create that feel of a hometown paper even though they also cover many communities. These papers are relied on to bring the people the national news that escapes the smaller papers. Their emphasis on national news makes them the leading sellers. Every newspaper covers their fair share of news, only each paper s front page will contain the news they will exhibit throughout the remaining of their paper. Simply put remember to find national news go to the big city paper and for your local news pick up a small newspaper. How to cite Newspaper Analysis, Essay examples

Australian Competition and Connection Consumer Commission

Question: Discuss about the Australian Competition and Connection Consumer Commission. Answer: Introduction: Coles is a huge brand in Australia and the provisions of the Competition and Consumer Act, 2010, (Cth) apply on the company. To meet with the regulatory compliance of this act, Coles has opted for a few strategies. These strategies include providing better shopping experience to its customers, improving the quality by use of fresher produce and offering better value by lowering the prices of weekly shopping basket. The Annual Report of Coles for the financial year 2015 stated its objectives as delivering a better store network; focus on freshness and creating trusted value. By supplying better quality products, Coles is working towards creating trusted value. Coles Online is a part of the company which also shares the same strategy of providing better services, by making shopping easy for its customers. This strategy has a clear and strong focus on delivering savings to its customers. Coles Express had introduced trusted Every Day Value pricing in its stores for fulfillment of this strategy (Coles, 2015). The slogans of the company, used from time to time are aligned with the, objectives of the Act. Whether it is the slogan used in 1980s of You'll find the best value is at Coles New World"or the one used from 1998 to 2003, which was "Serving you better, Coles has ensured that the objectives of the Act are met. The current slogan of the company Down Down promotes competition (Mortimer, 2015). The strategies of Coles seem plain advertisement criteria, but a careful observation of the wordings clarifies the objective behind these strategies. The Act, through its various provisions, provides that a business has to ensure that the produce provided to the consumers, is safe for human consumption. Further, the products which have a low shelf life have to be provided to the customers, within the shelf life of such product. The act also provides that the inertest of the consumer have to be secured. All the strategies of Coles reflect the objective of the Competition and Consumer Act, 2010. The objective of this Act is to enhance the welfare of the Australians by promoting competition, free trading and providing provisions for consumer protection (Australian Government, 2016). The strategy of Coles is to provide fresher products to its customers. By providing fresher produce, the company sets examples to its competitors to ensure that the consumers ultimately benefit from its business. A better store network would ensure that the customers do not face any hassles in their shopping experience. One of the strategies of Coles is to provide better products at lower values. By ensuring a combination of better product with low costs, a sense of competition is attained. The other companies would also move towards providing such services. The consumer would get better products at lesser prices. This would again promote competition. Coles had its share of problems with the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. The Court in the case of ACCC v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd [2014] FCA 1405 held that the company was engaged in unconscionable conduct and levied a penalty of $10 million on it (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2014). The judge held that the misconduct of Coles was deliberate, repeated and serious. Further, the judge held that the company had misused its bargaining power and the conduct of Coles was contrary to the conscience (Australian Competition Law, 2015). This created a huge problem for Coles as it failed on its strategies to promote competition. On the basis of above case, certain recommendations have been drafted for Coles to improve the management activities of the company, in order to comply with the competition law. The main recommendation for Coles is that, it has to ensure that the incidents mentioned in the above case are not repeated. It should conduct its business in a way which is considered as conscience. It should, at no instance, threaten to harm its suppliers who refused to comply with the Companys demands. Coles has to promote fair trading in its business, along with promoting competition amongst the businesses. Coles has to ensure that it does not indulge in any sort of misleading and deceptive conduct. Further, as the unconscionable and misleading conduct has been prohibited through this Act, Coles has to make sure that it does not take part in such conduct. There has already been a case against Coles in this regard, and any more cases would mean that the company fails to achieve its strategies of creating trusted value. There is also scope of improvement in the management activities of the company to ensure compliance of competition law. The company is working towards providing fresher produce but by creating a better supply chain, the time of getting the produce from suppliers to the supermarket can be reduced. This would ensure that the consumers gets fresh produce and promotes competition. To conclude, it is recommended to the company that they follow the provisions of the Act strictly and ensure that the instances of unconscionable conduct are not repeated. Keeping in view the incident that occurred, the grounds for successful negligence along with the consequences to Bungee World Ltd (BW) have been enlightened here. Recommendations are also provided to resolve the potentially damaging public relations problem in the best possible way. Negligence is the civil wrong done where a duty of care was owed by a person towards another person and the person failed to fulfill this duty, which resulted in a loss or injury to the other person. To establish that the liability arose under the tort of negligence, certain elements have to be present. These elements include a duty of care, a breach of such duty of care, a loss or injury as a result of breach of the duty, and that the loss or injury has to be relevant and not too remote. As per the Civil Liability Act, 2002 (NSW), a person is not considered as negligent unless the risk was predictable, the risk was not at all insignificant and in similar circumstances a prudent person would have taken proper precautions. A landmark case in the duty of care is the case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 (Boella and Pannett, 1999). Further, a standard of care has to be ensured as was seen in the case of Bathurst Regional Council v Thompson [2012] NSWCA 340 (Sheehan, 2012). Though a defense is available to the breaching party which states that, a person has to ensure his own safety when the risks are presumed. In such a case, the aggrieved party cannot sue the breaching party as they failed to take the duty of care for themselves. This was also established in the case of Mulligan v Coffs Harbour City Council (2005) 223 CLR (High Court of Australia, 2005). But, in the case of Rootes v Shelton (1967) 116 CLR 383, 385-6, the judge held that when the risk is inherent, the people are bound to accept it to engage in the risky sports (Swarb, 2016). And so, this cannot be referred as a defense by the breaching party. Damage is not only the physical damage, but also the emotional distress. In the case of Baltic Shipping v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344, it was held that the applicant could recover damages for the emotional distress that resulted from the breach of duty of care (Australian Contract Law, 2013). In the present case, BW was providing the services of Bungee Jumping for a fee of $50. Further, a waiver form had to be signed by the customers to undertake this activity. As has been established from the famous cases, this does not reduce the liability of BW in case of an injury. BW owed a duty of care towards Loki and had to ensure that the equipment for the bungee jumping was safe and secure. Further, the risk of corrosion was inherent due to the sea moisture present in the air. In this case, BW is liable for negligence as it breached the duty of care it owed to Loki. Further, as stated above, the injury does not have to be a physical and a mental injury is enough to claim damages under negligence. In this case, Loki did not suffer any physical injury but suffered a nervous shock. So, he can successfully sue BW for negligence. As a result of this negligence action taken by Loki, BW will be liable to pay Loki the monetary damages, as a remedy for the injury which Loki suffered. This is a potentially damaging public relations problem and so an effective crisis management is needed to resolve this problem. It is recommended to the Board that the problem should be assessed properly and an understanding should be gained regarding the potential stakeholder, which is Loki in this case. The Board should take steps in providing compensation to Loki before he takes any legal action. This would not only save the costs of legal proceedings, but also act as a shield against the damage done to Loki, as well as, to the image of the company. It is also recommended to the Board to ensure that the faulty equipment is changed and that all the old equipment is checked for its durability and safety. The Board should properly advertise the remedial actions taken as well as the voluntary compensation provided to Loki, so that the image of the company, in the eyes of the public, is improved. Lastly, it is recommended to the company formulate a proper crisis management team which can anticipate, identify and monitor such crisis which have a negated impact on the image of the company (Bernstein, 2016). The 10 minimum employment entitlements which are provided to the workers in Australia as per the Fair Works Act, 2009, are known as the National Employment Standards, or NES. An enterprise agreement or any other registered agreement, an employment contract, or an award are not allowed to provide such conditions, which are less than the NES or the national minimum wages. It can be rightly inferred that the NES and the national minimum wage cover the minimum entitlements for the workers in this country. The 10 minimum entitlements as are stated in the NES includes requests for flexible working arrangements; annual leave; maximum weekly hours; parental leave and related entitlements; long service leave; fair work information statement; personal careers leave and compassionate leave; community service leave; public holidays; and a notice of termination and redundancy pay (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2016). These standards apply to all such employees who are covered in the national workplace relations system by the NES, irrespective of the registered agreement, employment contract, or the award. Casual employees are also eligible to NES entitlements, when it relates to an unpaid compassionate leave, an unpaid carers leave, the Fair Work Information Statement, or the community service leave (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2016). The head of human resources of an Australian engineering company needs to ensure that the company does not contravene these standards. These standards contain that the maximum standard working week should be within the limits of 38 hours for any full time employee, along with the reasonable additional hours. It has to be ensured that the right to request some flexible working arrangement is present. The parental and adoption unpaid leave of 12 months should be available for the employees along with a right to seek an additional 12 months. The paid annual leave of four weeks should be available with the employees for each year, on pro rata basis (The Australian Workers Union, 2016). Further, a ten day paid personal or carers leave should be available with the employees for each year, on pro rata basis, along with two days unpaid carers leave for each permissible occasion, and two days paid compassionate leave for each permissible occasion. The head of HR also has to ensure that proper leaves for jury service, as well as, for emergencies and natural disasters are provided to its employees. Such person also has to ensure that the new employees receive the Fair Work Information Statement. The employees have to be entitled to take the public holidays and the entitlement be paid for ordinary hours for such days. Lastly, the long service leave and notice of termination as well as redundancy pay has to be made available (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2016). The section 3 of the Australian Consumer Law (ACL) defines the term consumer. A person who acquires goods or services and the amount paid for such goods or services does not exceed $40,000, is a consumer (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2016). Such goods and services must be used for personal only and not for re-supply, to fall under the category of consumer. Further, Section 21 of the ACL contains provisions regarding unconscionable conduct in relation to the goods or services. Section 21(1) prohibits a person from supplying or acquiring goods and services, to or from, a person in a manner where the conduct is considered as unconscionable (Australian Competition Law, 2014). Though, the sections of ACL do not define what is considered as unconscionable conduct and hence, reliance is made to the Courts to consider whether an act can be termed as unconscionable conduct or not (Find Law Australia, 2016). The courts generally rely on the following points to consider the conduct as unconscionable conduct: the strength in the bargaining capabilities of the consumer and the supplier; if the consumer was required to comply with the conditions of the supplier, which were not reasonable in the interests of the consumer, and the suppliers conduct had forced the consumer to comply with such conditions; whether or not the consumer had a clear understanding regarding the appropriate documents related to the supply of goods and services; whether the supplier exerted any pressure or undue influence on the consumer; and such circumstances where the consumer could have taken the goods or supplier from any other supplier. If a supplier is found guilty of contravening the section 21 of the ACL, such supplier is then liable to civil pecuniary penalties of $220,000 for persons (other than body corporate) and for body corporate the penalty amount is $1.1 million. Further, the enforcement powers and remedies can also be applied on the supplier for contravening this section. These include injunctions, damages, substantial notices, undertakings, infringement notices, and non-punitive orders, amongst the other things (Australian Consumer Law, 2013). As the sale of the Ono water filter amounted to $2000, Rebecca would be considered as a consumer under the ACL. Dave had used undue influence on Rebecca and forced her to purchase the filter. Further, he used his strength of bargaining position and forced Rebecca to waive the cooling off period. Rebecca had no need to purchase the filter but the unconscionable conduct of Dave compelled her to buy the filter. Hence, Dave contravened the sections of ACL and as a result, Rebecca has the right to seek compensation from Dave. Further, Dave is also liable to civil pecuniary penalties of $220,000. References Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2016) Competition And Consumer Act 2010 - Schedule 2. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/caca2010265/sch2.html [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2014) Court finds Coles engaged in unconscionable conduct and orders Coles pay $10 million penalties. [Online] Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Available from: https://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/court-finds-coles-engaged-in-unconscionable-conduct-and-orders-coles-pay-10-million-penalties [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Competition Law. (2014) Section 21: Unconscionable conduct in connection with goods or services. [Online] Australian Competition Law. Available from: https://www.australiancompetitionlaw.org/legislation/provisions/acl21.html [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Competition Law. (2015) ACCC v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd ACCC v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd [2014] FCA 1405 (22 December 2014). [Online] Australian Competition Law. Available from: https://www.australiancompetitionlaw.org/cases/2014coles.html [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Consumer Law. (2013) The Australian Consumer Law: A framework overview. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://consumerlaw.gov.au/files/2015/06/ACL_framework_overview.pdf [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Contract Law. (2013) Baltic Shipping v Dillon High Court of Australia (1993) 176 CLR 344. [Online] Australian Contract Law. Available from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/baltic.html [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Government. (2016) Competition and Consumer Act 2010. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2011C00003/Html/Volume_1#param2 [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Bernstein, J. (2016) The 10 Steps of Crisis Communications. [Online] Bernstein Crisis Management. Available from: https://www.bernsteincrisismanagement.com/the-10-steps-of-crisis-communications/ [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Boella, M., and Pannett, A. (1999) Principles of Hospitality Law. 2nd ed. UK: Thomson Learning, pp 16-17. Coles. (2015) Annual Report 2015. [Online] Coles. https://www.coles.com.au/~/media/files/coles/pdfs/industry%20reports/467372_coles_annual_report_2015_18.pdf [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Fair Work Ombudsman. (2016) Fair Work Information Statement. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/724/Fair-Work-Information-Statement.pdf.aspx [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Fair Work Ombudsman. (2016) National Employment Standards. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/national-employment-standards [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Find Law Australia. (2016) Consumer law: What is unconscionable conduct?. [Online] Find Law Australia. Available from: https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/4474/consumer-law-what-is-unconscionable-conduct-.aspx [Accessed on: 20/09/16] High Court of Australia. (2005) Mulligan v Coffs Harbour City Council [2005] HCA 63. [Online] High Court of Australia. Available from: https://eresources.hcourt.gov.au/downloadPdf/2005/HCA/63 [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Mortimer, G. (2015) Down, down but not different: Australias supermarkets in a race to the bottom. [Online] Queensland University of Technology. Available from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/92666/2/92666.pdf [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Sheehan, E. (2012) Council fails in reliance on s 42 defence accident on steps of rotunda in park - Bathurst Regional Council as Trustee for the Bathurst City Council Crown Reserves Reserve Trust v Thompson [2012] NSWCA 340. [Online] Curwoods Lawyers Case Notes. Available from: https://casenotes.curwoods.com.au/?p=2002 [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Swarb. (2016) Rootes V Shelton; 1965. [Online] Swarb. Available from: https://swarb.co.uk/rootes-v-shelton-1965/ [Accessed on: 20/09/16] The Australian Workers Union. (2016) National Employment Standards. [Online] The Australian Workers Union. Available from: https://www.awu.net.au/national-employment-standards [Accessed on: 20/09/16].